China has proposed export controls on 40 technologies across artificial intelligence (AI), biomedicine and solar photovoltaics, a move that could affect international technology transfers and global supply chains.
The proposal, announced on October 16, 2026, includes 14 technologies proposed for export bans and 26 for export restrictions. The draft revisions are open for public consultation until November 15, 2026.
AI, Biomedicine and Solar Technologies in Focus
The proposed controls cover three major sectors, with artificial intelligence accounting for the largest share.
- Artificial intelligence — 23 technologies: The proposed controls cover selected AI models, intelligent agents, computing clusters and related information-processing technologies.
- Biomedicine — 5 technologies: The measures include selected technologies associated with cell and gene therapies, nucleic-acid drugs and pathogenic microorganisms.
- Photovoltaics — 12 technologies: The proposal covers selected manufacturing processes and equipment used in producing polysilicon, silicon wafers and solar cells.
Together, the three categories account for all 40 technologies included in the proposal.
Export Bans and Restrictions Explained
The draft distinguishes between technologies proposed for export bans and those subject to restrictions. Banned technologies would face stronger prohibitions, while restricted technologies could require regulatory approval or licensing, depending on the applicable rules.
The proposal focuses on transferring specified technologies outside China rather than imposing a blanket ban on all products manufactured using them.
Potential Impact on Global Technology Supply Chains
The proposed controls could affect companies that rely on Chinese technology, manufacturing expertise and research partnerships.
In AI, restrictions could influence access to selected technical capabilities. In solar manufacturing, they could complicate the transfer of production know-how and equipment to overseas facilities. Biomedicine companies may also need to assess whether planned research collaborations and technology transfers fall within the scope of the controls.
The eventual impact will depend on the final rules, their technical definitions and the licensing procedures adopted by Chinese authorities.
What Happens Next?
China’s proposed revisions remain subject to public consultation, scheduled to close on November 15, 2026. The final scope and implementation of the measures will determine how exporters, technology companies and international partners must respond.
The proposal highlights China’s efforts to regulate the overseas transfer of strategically significant technologies as competition in AI, advanced manufacturing and biotechnology continues to shape global trade.
